Monday, November 30, 2015

Peace after the War

By Qiu Chang Wu

On October 22, the first Thursday of Block 3, over 200 people gathered in Celeste Theatre for a screening of the film “Pictures from a Hiroshima Schoolyard”, directed, produced and supported by Bryan Reichhardt, Shizumi Shigeto Manale, and the US-Japan Foundation in New York, respectively.
The film was met with praise and support, as its unique narrative won the hearts of many in the audience. It sought to explore the aftermath of the detonation of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima by sharing the stories of the people who lived with the memories of the destruction, recovery, and hope after the war.
In the subsequent years after the war, students and teachers resumed classes at Honkawa School, which was no more than 0.3 kilometers from the epicenter of the atomic bomb detonation in Hiroshima. School supplies were sent along with other humanitarian aid from a longstanding church in Washington D.C. called the All Souls Church Unitarian. In return, the children of the school sent hand drawn pictures. The pictures were rediscovered by a parishioner in 1995 after they had been stowed away and forgotten for many years. The film used these pictures to explore the stories left untold by the surviving Japanese children who created them. The vibrant pictures were surprising and absolutely beautiful because despite the horrors of war they seem to instill a sense of hope for recovery and a step towards a brighter future.
In a discussion with students and faculty, producer Manale spoke about the 8-year journey in the creation of this film. She opened up about the struggles with financing the documentary, the discovery of her own family’s story in Hiroshima, and the reasons that kept her going when the challenges seemed insurmountable. Despite the challenges, she reflected on the years and said, “I wanted to finish this film.” She worked against the clock, as many of the original artists were getting old. Since the completion of the documentary, 7 of the 21 artists whom she interviewed have passed away. She said “I’ve seen my film more than 100 times, but every time I see it, although a lot of the people have passed away, I see them alive in the film.”
Producer Manale considered this film her life work. Although the creation of the film took 8 years, the research on Hibakusya (atomic bomb survivors) had taken more than 30 years. In addition to the film, she wrote a book with the stories of the artists whose stories she was not able to fit into the 82-minute film. The book Running with Cosmos Flowers: The Children of Hiroshima can be found at select bookstores, Amazon, and Tutt library. Her original intentions were to simply document pieces of history about the reconciliation and peace after the war, such that these stories would never be forgotten. However, along the way she realized the importance and the relevance of the stories in the modern era, and wished to use the film to spread the message of hope and promise of a brighter future.
The screening of the film at Colorado College was a concerted effort between the CC Dean’s Office, Asian Studies Program, Film and Media Studies Program, and the History Department. Support from the organizations in the Colorado Springs area came from the Japan America Society of Southern Colorado, The Greenberg Center for Learning and Tolerance, the High Plains Church Unitarian Universalist, All Souls Unitarian Church, and the Pikes Peak Library District.

The film can be purchased here: http://www.hiroshimaschoolyard.com/

Returning to China for the First Time

By Emily Laur

This summer, through CC’s Conversational Chinese two-block course, Emiko Smukler ’17 and I were presented with the unique opportunity to travel to our cities of adoption: Changzhou and Nanjing respectively. We started our journey in Shanghai, took a high-speed train to Nanjing, and then continued on to Changzhou. Our original plan was to travel to the orphanage where I once lived and meet Dr. Lu, a representative from the Hand in Hand International Adoption organization. Due to a number of reports in the past on poor conditions for infant care in China’s orphanages, the Chinese government has barred foreigners from visiting these facilities without an appointment. For that reason we were not allowed to visit Emiko’s orphanage. However, through Dr. Lu, we were both had a similar experience. This is a short narrative of our orphanage tour.
Visiting Nanjing was difficult. Upon our arrival at Nanjing’s main train station, we struggled to find a cab driver willing to take us to our destination. After a few failed attempts, we convinced a driver to take us where we wanted to go. Little did we know, our driver dropped us off at the wrong address. We were left wandering the streets of Nanjing. Desperately, we asked local merchants where we might find an orphanage nearby. Luckless, we found ourselves lost in a labyrinth of alleyways. There, we met a kind woman who recognized the address and offered to take us to the main entrance. As she led us through the neighborhood, curious eyes began to follow us. By the time we arrived at the entrance gates there was a small crowd of the neighborhood’s residents motioning us to go in. Because of the restrictions on foreign visits at orphanages, we were nervous to enter without Dr. Lu. Luckily, after a few minutes waiting she emerged from a nearby taxi, identified us from the crowd we had drawn, and quickly ushered us through the main gates.
The entrance opened on a spacious courtyard with two large buildings. Dr. Lu explained that the larger building of the two was the administrative building and acted as a hospital for the mentally disabled. The other, more colorful building dubbed “the Rainbow Building,” was the new infancy center. It was strange to walk around the place where I had spent the first five months of my life; a place I had absolutely no memory of. Dr. Lu pointed to a section of the courtyard where a few cars were parked and said that 20 years ago a building had stood there. In that now demolished building, the old infancy center, I had been cared for. As we walked around the open space she explained that the orphanage looked after children from infants to teenagers, most with disabilities. She further explained that other disabled children visit the hospital from outside the orphanage to use its resources.
Eventually, Dr. Lu led us into “the Rainbow Building.” The entrance opened onto a corridor with rooms on either side. The doors of some rooms were open, we were able to see a pair of children playing a badminton game. At the end of the hallway, Dr. Lu led us through a door into the infancy center. The center was composed of two rooms: one colorful, with a television, toys, and multiple cribs, the other filled with three or four nurses. Through windows that looked in on the playroom we saw a nurse tending to three or four disabled infants. We stood for a while to take in the scene; it felt like traveling back in time. A silence fell over us as we reflected on our past. At one point we had been where those infants are now.

As we left the room, Dr. Lu explained that domestic adoptions of healthy babies were increasing due to improvements in China’s economy. More couples want children and turn to adoption when conception is not possible. She told us that the government had funded a new orphanage in the suburbs of Nanjing where they would move in the following year. The new facility would have more space for the children to play and spread out, and she told us that they were all looking forward to moving. Even though I have no memory of the first time I was there, I felt deeply connected to the site and was glad we had gone to see it before it was relocated. As we left the orphanage we walked with a different energy. We explored the city while wondering what could have been.

Growing Up as an Adopted Asian American in the States




by Connie Zheng and Salley Lee

Ethnic identity can be a difficult issue many adopted Asian Americans face. Unlike Asian Americans who struggle between identifying with the culture of their motherland or the culture of America, adopted Asian Americans experience another layer of complexities on their journey to find their identity. Most adopted Asian Americans are adopted and raised in predominantly white communities in the midwest. Raised as an American, usually without much Asian influence, but with the physical appearance of an Asian, can create inner dissonance. Jin Mei McMahon ‘17, an adopted Chinese-American, describes this dissonance by saying, “Being part of a family that is mostly white has created an odd kind of dissonance for me, and for a while, I did everything I could to try and deny the fact I was any different from my white peers. Hanging out with other Asians was a no-go; connecting myself to any part of Asian culture even more so.” She further explains the contrast between her appearance and feelings with her experience from high school. “You have two options come lunchtime: sit with the people who look like you, or sit with the people who feel like you”. Liana Hudson ‘17, an adopted Chinese-American, recalled her first experience in China at the age of 8 of not knowing how to identify herself. Inwardly, she felt white, and yet, when she explained she was from the United States, “Many would tell me, “no, but you’re still Chinese”’.  Annie Malecek ‘16, an adopted Korean American, describes other challenges adopted Asian Americans face in the United States. She explains that, because others cannot tell that she is adopted based on her appearance, the way she is treated by society is probably no different than any other Asian American. However, she expresses, the way she was raised and how she navigates such experiences is probably very different from non-adopted Asian Americans. As an adopted Asian American growing up with Caucasian parents, she was raised to believe that she has the same privileges of white Americans. “But that’s simply not true,” Annie says. She continues to point out that her parents do not think that racial discrimination exists, thus, her parents were unable to “give [her] the tools to combat racial discrimination.” Annie explains that as an adopted Korean American, Korean culture is not passed on to her. Instead, Korean culture is something she has to create and actively seek out if she wants it to have meaning for her. She suggests that wanting to reconnect with one’s ethnic culture is as personal a choice as wanting to meet one’s birth parents. She further stresses that an adoptee’s journey to meet their birth parents is very personal; it should not be assumed that it is a trip every adoptee wants to make. An example of such a journey is seen through Youtube star akaDan. Those who are interested in viewing his experience can follow this link:

In an effort to help reduce the dissonance many adopted Asian Americans face, Korean American Student Association holds a biannual Korean Culture Camp at Colorado College. Korean Culture Camp is an event for adopted (or children of adopted) Koreans who are not familiar with the Korean culture. Approximately 25 children attend every year with ages ranging from 1 to 12. Korean Culture Camp strives to teach a specific set of Korean words through games, arts and crafts, and videos all centered around a theme and Korean culture. Past themes have included family and animals. Through this event, adopted Korean children make friends with other adopted Korean children and reconnect to their birth culture; a culture they may have limited access elsewhere.

Informational links:

SUMMER IN SHANGHAI by EMILY LAUR

IMG_4938.JPG

This summer the Chinese language department offered a two-block course in conversational Mandarin abroad in Shanghai. The course provided a further immersion into Chinese culture by allowing students to practice their Chinese on an everyday basis in and around Shanghai. Students, led by Professor Hong Jiang, spent mornings studying Chinese language at Fudan University, afternoons and evenings exploring the city, and weekends traveling throughout China. These places included Suzhou, Hangzhou, Beijing, Xi’an, and Wuzhen amongst others.
Speaking from my accounts during the experience, it seems we all dealt with varying levels of culture shock. While there, students learned to rely on their Mandarin speaking abilities in order to grow and thrive within cities. For the most part, conversations with the locals were basic and many times involved charades and Chinese dictionaries to get the point across. Gestures became an important part of everyday conversation. Assimilating into the Chinese culture was difficult. On the streets as passersby we found the natives to be unfriendly and unapproachable, but they usually softened once we stopped to talk to them. Traffic was an everyday fear since traffic law is unenforced in China. Most places we crowded and noisy and at some points we got easily frustrated. As we all shared in these struggles together, we closely bonded as a class and after living in Shanghai for a month, the city began to feel like home, and our group, more like family.
Some of the most memorable experiences occurred during the Block 2, in which we traveled to Beijing to visit the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, and also to Xi’an to see the Old City Wall and Terracotta Warriors. Looking over the vastness of the Great Wall from its ancient side, seeing all the rooftops hovering within the Forbidden City, riding a bicycle around the outskirts of Xi’an’s Old City Wall, gazing into the eyes of the terracotta army – I remember standing amongst these iconic sites and thinking of all the history that was made and left for us to find. Despite the heat and many tourists, there was an awe and natural energy that flowed through all of us as we experienced these trademarks of Chinese culture first hand for the first time.

THE WECHAT ECOSYSTEM by QIU CHANG WU

WeChat, also known as “Weixin” in China, is a mobile social media app that has gained popularity all across the world. It was first launched in 2011 by Tencent Holdings, the largest internet company in Asia. Since its launch, it has rapidly gained popularity in China and all around the world. As of the second quarter of 2015, WeChat has reached 600 million active monthly users globally. Of the 600 million, a majority of its users reside in China.
All that being said, what is WeChat and why it so successful? As a communications app, it appears to be a combination of Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype, Twitter, Venmo, and Uber. You can message individuals or groups; additionally, pictures, texts, videos, or voice messages can all be sent in a user-friendly fashion. You can easily share articles and other internet content. You can also make statuses and picture updates called “moments” for everyone to see.  However, it is not just a social media app used for communication amongst friends and family, it has been used by companies to advertise and connect with its customers.
WeChat’s uniqueness as a mobile app comes from its platform to consolidate microapps. You can connect with your bank, make payments for your utility bills, hail a taxi, or even get delivery service. “Basically anything you can think off, WeChat can do,” one user said. This is the direction WeChat aims to go. With the seamless integration of various services, WeChat is taking the Apple Inc. approach; providing all  services in-house. Forbes Asia division has called the all-in-one model the “WeChat Ecosystem.”
Tencent Holdings has made investments in various independent mobile apps such that these services may then be integrated into WeChat. The taxi service integration comes from an investment into the leading Chinese taxi service app called Didi DaChe. Since WeChat launched its mobile banking service, allowing for users to connect their bank accounts to WeChat and thus simplifying eCommerce, it is projected to pose a serious threat to the leading online payment platform in China, Alipay.
In addition to spreading in the domestic market, Tencent Holding has pushed for WeChat’s growth globally. WeChat has a lot of competitors – popular messaging apps like Whatsapp, Line, Kik, KakaoTalk, and Facebook messenger all occupy similar niches. Regardless of these competitors, Tencent Holdings has built offices all around the world to spearhead the spread of WeChat into other countries.

To read more:  

  1. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jlim/2014/05/19/wechat-one-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-apps/2/

A DAY WITH WECHAT

Wechat Image.png


*This is a short fiction illustrating the many ways that Wechat is integrated into the daily lives of people in China. Many thanks to Vickie for this creative contribution.*
It is a cozy Saturday morning in Shenzhen, China. Amy woke up in bed and reached for her phone as usual. She unlocked it and opened Wechat. She read all the new messages, replied to some of them, and scrolled down people’s Moments (like facebook posts). That took about 20 minutes. Her plan for the day was  to see a movie with friends. She opened “features” in Wechat, took a look at the movie options, and decided she was going to watch Despicable Me 2. She picked a 2:30pm showing, clicked on the closest movie theatre, and bought the tickets for her and her friends.
Afterwards, Amy read a book she found on Wechat’s subscription. She was interrupted by a Wechat video call from her globe-trotting mother. Amy answered it and took a peek at the place her mom was living in India. It was a dim and small but seemed cozy. After the video call, Amy browsed the Moments for a while. Her friends had posted Wechat group messages on where and when to meet.

Amy decided to order something for lunch. She ordered through her favorite restaurant Mom’s Noodles’ service account in Wechat, and within 30 mins her food appeared outside her apartment. She finished the lunch and went out for a walk. Meanwhile, one of the Wechat  “features” kept track of her miles. She took a look at the rankings. Of all her friends who chose to show their distances, her walking distance was the 5th highest . She went back to the apartment, satisfied.
After taking a nap, Amy woke up to find that it was already 2:10pm. She quickly got dressed. Figuring that she would now have to take a taxi, she opened the Didi Dache feature ( a service akin to Uber) and called a taxi. Fortunately, she managed to get to the theatre in time.
Amy and her friends scanned the ticket stored in their Wechat movie ticket buying features, and enjoyed Despicable Me 2. After the movie, they all wanted to eat at a popular restaurant in the mall called Watami. Since the line is usually insufferably long, especially on a Saturday,  they went on Watami’s Wechat service account and clicked on “Line Up”. That way, all they had to do was show up at Watami at  6:30, instead of having to physically line up. For the time between then and 6:30, Amy found coupons on Wechat for the stores that she had been wanting to visit for a while, and shopped a for clothes for the next season.
Time passed quickly and it was 6:30. They sat down in Watami after showing the waitress their line up ticket in Wechat. They had also ordered food when they got the line up ticket, so the time between ordering and waiting was saved, sushi and ramen came right away. When the time came to split the bill, Amy paid for the meal through Wechat. All her friends need to do was to click on “Split the Bill”, and transfer the money to Amy’s Wechat account, just like Venmo.
Amy went home. It was a satisfying Saturday. Before she went to bed, a friend she met in Brazil messaged her through WeChat.  Although  Amy did not speak Portuguese, and Raissa did not speak English, they communicated well. The translation of the sentences showed up when the sentences were clicked on. With her phone still in her hand, Amy gradually fell asleep after the great conversation. Suddenly the screen lit up. It was “Yao yi Yao”, the feature in Wechat that functions like Tinder; an unknown user “sweetpotato” said, “Hey what are you up to?”

Wednesday, November 4, 2015

Introduction to Professor John Yasuda

cropped-yasuda.jpg



By MK Swartsfager

Colorado College’s Political Science department has received an additional infusion of young blood. After adding Professor Coggins to the team last year, we are pleasantly surprised to see yet another talented new hire. It is an honor to welcome tenure-tracked Professor John Yasuda to campus.


After teaching only one block, Professor Yasuda is already developing an impressive reputation. His unique pedagogy and presence-- what some have labeled “effervescent” and others call “authoritarian”-- is a refreshing new approach to teaching political science and Asian studies alike. The Lotus sat down with Professor Yasuda in block two in order to give the student body an introduction to the interests, style, and origins of CC’s newest Asia scholar.


It is not everyday you get to study with the star of China’s favorite reality dating show. Yet with Professor Yasuda, we find that by far this is by his least interesting attribute. In fact, the subject of his soon to be published book seems more tailored to the interests of CC students. It explores the relationship between food safety/scarcity issues in China and the government’s strategies for solving hunger in the world’s most populous country. In his own words, his research focuses on “the way institutional design contributes to regulatory outcomes irrespective of regime type.”


His goal at CC is to dispel the many common myths about Asia which plague western scholarship. First on his list is any theory which holds China as culturally, geographically, ethnically, or politically monolithic. He believes that for leaders of the future, regardless of discipline, “there shouldn’t be a blind spot” regarding Asia.


If you need more reason to study with Professor Yasuda, look no further than his rewarding teaching style. His Harvard, Oxford, and Berkeley pedigree is apparent in the ethic and energy he brings to the classroom. It is a fusion of east-coast “fluff” and west-coast informality, undergirded by english procedure.


Most noticeably, he uses oxford questions, ample hands-on exercises, and tutorial essay discussions to create an environment that fosters intelligent debate; It is somewhat hostile, often hilarious, and always like a shot of adrenaline. He challenges students to think quickly and form arguments with new information.


Professor Yasuda refers to himself as a “third culture kid.” That is, a  Japanese-American who grew up in Hong Kong. It was there that he became fluent in Mandarin. His initial interest in great power politics came from experiencing Hong Kong’s transition from British to Chinese (PRC) control in the 1990s.


We concluded our interview with his take on Hong Kong’s umbrella revolution. From his perspective as both an insider and outsider in Hong Kong, Professor Yasuda says he was exhilarated to watch Hong Kongers stand up for themselves. “It's been a long time coming.”
However, he is pessimistic when asked about the potential of such a movement. He doesn’t believe Hong Kongers have any real power or leverage to achieve their goals in the short term. That said, he reassures us “change will come.”

http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~jyasuda/pdf/CVRESUME.pdf

Summer in Shanghai: A personal narrative



IMG_4938.JPG

By Emily Laur

This summer the Chinese language department offered a two block course in conversational Mandarin abroad in Shanghai. The course provided a further immersion into Chinese culture by allowing students to practice their Chinese on an everyday basis in and around Shanghai. Students, led by Professor Hong Jiang, spent mornings studying Chinese language at Fudan University, afternoons and evenings exploring the city, and weekends traveling throughout China. These places included, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Beijing, Xi’an, and Wuzhen amongst others.
Speaking from my accounts during the experience, it seems we all dealt with varying levels of culture shock. While there, students learned to rely on their Mandarin speaking abilities in order to grow and thrive within cities. For the most part, conversations with the locals were basic and many times involved charades and Chinese dictionaries to get the point across. Gestures became an important part of everyday conversation. Assimilating into the Chinese culture was difficult. On the streets as passersby we found the natives to be unfriendly and unapproachable, but they usually softened once we stopped to talk to them. Traffic was an everyday fear since traffic law is unenforced in China. Most places we crowded and noisy and at some points we got easily frustrated. As we all shared in these struggles together, we closely bonded as a class and after living in Shanghai for a month, the city began to feel like home, and our group, more like family.

Some of the most memorable experiences occurred during the Block 2, in which we traveled to Beijing to visit the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, and also to Xi’an to see the Old City Wall and Terracotta Warriors. Looking over the vastness of the Great Wall from its ancient side, seeing all the rooftops hovering within the Forbidden City, riding a bicycle around the outskirts of Xi’an’s Old City Wall, gazing into the eyes of the terracotta army – I remember standing amongst these iconic sites and thinking of all the history that was made and left for us to find. Despite the heat and many tourists, there was an awe and natural energy that flowed through all of us as we experienced these trademarks of Chinese culture first hand for the first time.

WeChat Explained

Wechat Image.png
The WeChat Ecosystem 
by Qiu Chang Wu
WeChat, also known as “Weixin” in China, is a mobile social media app that has gained popularity all across the world. It was first launched in 2011 by Tencent Holdings, the largest internet company in Asia. Since its launch, it has rapidly gained popularity in China and all around the world. As of the second quarter of 2015, WeChat has reached 600 million active monthly users globally. Of the 600 million, a majority of its users reside in China.
All that being said, what is WeChat and why it so successful? As a communications app, it appears to be a combination of Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype, Twitter, Venmo, and Uber. You can message individuals or groups; additionally, pictures, texts, videos, or voice messages can all be sent in a user friendly fashion. You can easily share articles and other internet content. You can also make statuses and picture updates called “moments” for everyone to see.  However, it is not just a social media app used for communication amongst friends and family, it has been used by companies to advertise and connect with its customers.
WeChat’s uniqueness as a mobile app comes from its platform to consolidate microapps. You can connect with your bank, make payments for your utility bills, hail a taxi, or even get delivery service. “Basically anything you can think off, WeChat can do,” one user said. This is the direction WeChat aims to go. With the seamless integration of various services, WeChat is taking the Apple Inc. approach; providing all  services in-house. Forbes Asia division has called the all-in-one model the “WeChat Ecosystem.”
Tencent Holdings has made investments in various independent mobile apps such that these services may then be integrated into WeChat. The taxi service integration comes from an investment into the leading Chinese taxi service app called Didi DaChe. Since WeChat launched its mobile banking service, allowing for users to connect their bank accounts to WeChat and thus simplifying ecommerce, it is projected to pose a serious threat to the leading online payment platform in China, Alipay.
In addition to spreading in the domestic market, Tencent Holding has pushed for WeChat’s growth globally. WeChat has a lot of competitors – popular messaging apps like Whatsapp, Line, Kik, KakaoTalk, and Facebook messenger all occupy similar niches. Regardless of these competitors, Tencent Holdings has built offices all around the world to spearhead the spread of WeChat into other countries.

To read more:  


A Day with WeChat
By Yuexin Chen

It is a cozy Saturday morning in Shenzhen, China. Amy woke up in bed and reached for her phone as usual. She unlocked it and opened Wechat. She read all the new messages, replied to some of them, and scrolled down people’s Moments (like facebook posts). That took about 20 minutes. Her plan for the day was  to see a movie with friends. She opened “features” in Wechat, took a look at the movie options, and decided she was going to watch Despicable Me 2. She picked a 2:30pm showing, clicked on the closest movie theatre, and bought the tickets for her and her friends.


Afterwards, Amy read a book she found on Wechat’s subscription. She was interrupted by a Wechat video call from her globe-trotting mother. Amy answered it and took a peek at the place her mom was living in India. It was a dim and small but seemed cozy. After the video call, Amy browsed the Moments for a while. Her friends had posted Wechat group messages on where and when to meet.


Amy decided to order something for lunch. She ordered through her favorite restaurant Mom’s Noodles’ service account in Wechat, and within 30 mins her food appeared outside her apartment. She finished the lunch and went out for a walk. Meanwhile, one of the Wechat  “features” kept track of her miles. She took a look at the rankings. Of all her friends who chose to show their distances, her walking distance was the 5th highest . She went back to the apartment, satisfied.
After taking a nap, Amy woke up to find that it was already 2:10pm. She quickly got dressed. Figuring that she would now have to take a taxi, she opened the Didi Dache feature ( a service akin to Uber) and called a taxi. Fortunately, she managed to get to the theatre in time.
Amy and her friends scanned the ticket stored in their Wechat movie ticket buying features, and enjoyed Despicable Me 2. After the movie, they all wanted to eat at a popular restaurant in the mall called Watami. Since the line is usually insufferably long, especially on a Saturday,  they went on Watami’s Wechat service account and clicked on “Line Up”. That way, all they had to do was show up at Watami at  6:30, instead of having to physically line up. For the time between then and 6:30, Amy found coupons on Wechat for the stores that she had been wanting to visit for a while, and shopped a for clothes for the next season.
Time passed quickly and it was 6:30. They sat down in Watami after showing the waitress their line up ticket in Wechat. They had also ordered food when they got the line up ticket, so the time between ordering and waiting was saved, sushi and ramen came right away. When the time came to split the bill, Amy paid for the meal through Wechat. All her friends need to do was to click on “Split the Bill”, and transfer the money to Amy’s Wechat account, just like Venmo.

Amy went home. It was a satisfying Saturday. Before she went to bed, a friend she met in Brazil messaged her through WeChat.  Although  Amy did not speak Portuguese, and Raissa did not speak English, they communicated well. The translation of the sentences showed up when the sentences were clicked on. With her phone still in her hand, Amy gradually fell asleep after the great conversation. Suddenly the screen lit up. It was “Yao yi Yao”, the feature in Wechat that functions like Tinder; an unknown user “sweetpotato” said, “Hey what are you up to?”